POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise, heat, or light energy. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is often classed as point source or non point source pollution.

The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular pollutants relevant to each of them:

1. Air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size PM1.0 to PM2.5.

2. Water pollution, by the release of waste products and contaminants into surface runoff into river drainage systems, leaching into groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharges, eutrophication and littering. Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Littering Radioactive contamination, resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment.)

3. Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. 4. Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.
5. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash or municipal solid waste. Thermal pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution)

There are several ways to control pollution such as:

(a) Legislation – Legislation is an effective way to control air pollution. However, it depends on close cooperation from the public. Examples of legislation on environmental issues in Malaysia are:

(i) The Environmental Quality Act 1974

(ii) Motor Vehicles Regulations (Control of Smokes Emission, 1977)

(iii) Environment Quality Law (Clean Air), 1978

(iv) Environment Quality Law (Reduction of Plumbum and Motor Gasoline), 1985

(v) Local Government Law Act (Collection, Disposal and Incineration of Rubbish) (Section 9)

(b) Education – Education is a long term plan but is the most effective way to educate the public on loving the environment and in playing their part in conserving and preserving the air quality.

(c) Science and technology – Modern technology can be used to reduce air pollution. For example, (i) using unleaded petrol and catalytic converters, (ii) using factory chimneys that can filter fine particles and toxis gases, andusing the incinerator.

Post by: Panatia Pendidikan Moral, SMK Dangi